Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)

Most people have had a sore throat or three in their lives. But when is it typical allergy drainage or a dry throat, and when should you see your healthcare provider? 

What is pharyngitis?

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx – the back of the throat. If the patient has tonsils, it may also be called tonsillitis. It can be caused by a virus (like a cold or the flu); bacteria (like strep); or other irritants (including allergens like dust or pollen). 

Often, this irritation comes after a respiratory illness as nasal congestion drains down into the throat. 

What are the symptoms of pharyngitis?

Symptoms include:

• Sore and/or scratchy throat

• White spots in the throat

• Swollen neck glands

• Headache

• Fatigue

Occasionally, depending on the cause of the problem, patients may also experience fever.

Are there risk factors for pharyngitis (sore throat)?

Yes. While most people will have a sore throat at some point, certain things make the condition more likely, including:

• Smoking

• Allergy-induced congestion

• Upper respiratory infections (colds) or exposure to someone with a cold

• Daycare/school attendance (where respiratory illnesses spread quickly in close quarters)

• Crowded conditions

• Chronic illnesses

• Other illnesses with certain side effects, such as cancer-causing Candida (oral thrush)

When should I see a doctor?

Not all sore throats are a big deal, and they aren’t all contagious. Allergy-related drainage, for example, is often treated with comfort care, such as soothing drinks; over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol or ibuprofen; or proper management of allergy symptoms. 

If your sore throat is accompanied by other symptoms, such as vomiting, fever, or body aches, among others, make an appointment with your primary care provider. If you experience these symptoms, you may need an antibiotic or other treatment to prevent complications. 

If you aren’t sure what’s causing your sore throat, better safe than sorry – best to let your provider take a look. It may help you avoid complications later! 

How are sore throats treated?

We manage sore throats by first identifying the cause of the problem. Treatments may include:

• Antibiotics, if it’s caused by bacteria, such as strep throat

• Rest, fluids, hydration and handwashing (to prevent spread, if it’s contagious)

• Over-the-counter medications like Tylenol or ibuprofen, for comfort

• Supportive measures, such as salt water gargling or throat lozenges

If you receive a diagnosis of strep throat, it’s important to get a new toothbrush once you’re no longer contagious, as the bacteria can live on the bristles and potentially cause reinfection later.

What complications exist with sore throat?

This depends on exactly what caused the inflammation. It’s important to get a proper diagnosis from your provider in order to avoid issues like:

• Peritonsillar abscess – This pus-filled infection, which is often the result of untreated strep throat or tonsillitis, appears near the tonsils and requires prompt treatment.

• Scarlet fever – Often associated with strep throat, this contagious bacterial infection causes a bright red, sandpaper-like rash. 

• Rheumatic fever – This is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that can cause damage to the heart, joints, skin and brain. It typically occurs a few weeks after an untreated or inadequately treated strep throat infection. Remember to finish your antibiotics if you get a strep diagnosis! 

• Glomerulonephritis – Although uncommon, this involves inflammation and damage of the kidneys, which can lead to other severe complications. 

• Enlarged lymph nodes – This is a common and expected symptom of a variety of sore throat-causing infections, but if your infection goes untreated, they can be uncomfortable for much longer.  

Ready to see a provider?

The board-certified providers at The Kinder Clinic are available to assess your needs and support your health. Click here to request an appointment, or call us at 337-738-2713.