Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, most commonly called ADHD, is a complex neuro-developmental disorder that typically consists of a cluster of behaviors, including but not limited to: - Persistent inattention - Hyperactivity - Impulsiveness ADHD diagnoses are typically classified as one of three types – inattentive (formerly known as just “ADD”), hyperactive-impulsive, and combined (involving symptoms from both other types).

All About ADHD

Q: What are the symptoms of ADHD?

Symptoms of ADHD may include: - Prone to fidgeting, restlessness - Difficulty sitting still (above and beyond the typical and healthy desire for a child to want to move around) - Excessive activity in inappropriate situations - Impatience - Disruptive, especially in conversation or closely managed settings (often described as interrupting or blurting out) - Lack of attention to details - Difficulty listening when spoken to - Lack of organization - Forgetful - Avoiding attention-intensive tasks - Easily distracted

Q: What are the types of ADHD?

Inattentive-Type ADHD Formerly known as ADD (attention deficit disorder), inattentive-type ADHD presents itself as a problem primarily for the affected person, rather than a noticeable disruption to everyone around them. Adults who were diagnosed later in life often describe it as a lack of “executive function.” Both adults and children with this type of ADHD often struggle to prioritize tasks, preferring the less-intensive items on their to-do lists over anything requiring more focus or attention. They may have trouble following directions or remembering small details of even common routines. Hyperactive-Compulsive ADHD The hyperactive-compulsive type of ADHD usually manifests with more obvious and disruptive symptoms. These may include inappropriate social behavior, such as the inability to sit physically still or regularly speaking out of turn, such as in a classroom or even daily conversations. Adults and children with this type generally struggle with focus as well, and they may have more accidents and injuries. Combined ADHD This is what it sounds like – a combination of symptoms from both the inattentive and hyperactive-compulsive types.

Jacqueline Melancon, FNP
May 12
4 min read

If it feels like there are more and more ADHD diagnoses these days – you’re right! In fact, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, an additional 1 million children were diagnosed in 2022 as compared to 2017.

ADHD is more than just a label, though.

What is ADHD?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, most commonly called ADHD, is a complex neuro-developmental disorder that typically consists of a cluster of behaviors, including but not limited to:

Persistent inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness

ADHD diagnoses are typically classified as one of three types – inattentive (formerly known as just “ADD”), hyperactive-impulsive, and combined (involving symptoms from both other types).

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

The symptoms can vary, and they can manifest differently in everyone. That’s why it’s important to discuss any concerns you have with your primary care provider – the “whole picture” is often critical in a diagnosis!

Symptoms of ADHD may include:

Prone to fidgeting, restlessness
Difficulty sitting still (above and beyond the typical and healthy desire for a child to want to move around)
Excessive activity in inappropriate situations
Impatience
Disruptive, especially in conversation or closely managed settings (often described as interrupting or blurting out)
Lack of attention to details
Difficulty listening when spoken to
Lack of organization
Forgetful
Avoiding attention-intensive tasks
Easily distracted

The above list is not exhaustive. The specific symptoms present in any given patient tend to align with one of the main types – inattentive, hyperactive-compulsive, or combined.

What are the types of ADHD?

Inattentive-Type ADHD

Formerly known as ADD (attention deficit disorder), inattentive-type ADHD presents itself as a problem primarily for the affected person, rather than a noticeable disruption to everyone around them. Adults who were diagnosed later in life often describe it as a lack of “executive function.”

Both adults and children with this type of ADHD often struggle to prioritize tasks, preferring the less-intensive items on their to-do lists over anything requiring more focus or attention. They may have trouble following directions or remembering small details of even common routines.

Hyperactive-Compulsive ADHD

The hyperactive-compulsive type of ADHD usually manifests with more obvious and disruptive symptoms. These may include inappropriate social behavior, such as the inability to sit physically still or regularly speaking out of turn, such as in a classroom or even daily conversations. Adults and children with this type generally struggle with focus as well, and they may have more accidents and injuries.

Combined ADHD

This is what it sounds like – a combination of symptoms from both the inattentive and hyperactive-compulsive types.

Severity and “Stacked” Diagnoses

The severity of ADHD symptoms and, thus, the ability to successfully manage them, can vary from person to person.

Sometimes, ADHD is “stacked” with other diagnoses, like behavioral or learning disorders (such as dyslexia), anxiety, depression or others. ADHD tends to show more severe (or obvious) symptoms when other diagnoses are also present.

Who is likely to have ADHD?

It’s not possible, at this point, to accurately predict the chances any given individual will receive an ADHD diagnosis. However, some risk factors do exist, including (but not limited to):

Family history – This is the most likely risk. ADHD often involves certain gene changes that affect brain development, which can be hereditary. If one or both parents has ADHD, there’s a good change their child(ren) will too.
Prenatal/pregnancy factors – Fetal exposure to things like alcohol, tobacco or certain medications can contribute to risk.
Neurological factors – These may include brain injuries or trauma, as well as certain neurological conditions (like epilepsy).
Environmental toxins – This refers to things like lead in old pipes. Due to new regulations, these are less common in the U.S. today.
Stress, either personal or secondhand (like from a parent)

It’s common to hear things like poor diet or media consumption (screen time) listed as causes of ADHD. There are no definitive links to these, although there is evidence that things like significant screen time or sugar intake can aggravate existing symptoms. Generally, they are associated with ADHD, but not the sole cause.

How do I know I have ADHD?

An ADHD diagnosis requires a deep understanding of the “whole picture.” If you suspect you or your child may have ADHD, start by discussing your concerns with your primary care provider. Generally, a comprehensive physical examination will be the first step in determining a proper diagnosis, with input from teachers or other stakeholders later in the process.

If you’re unsure whether your (or your child’s) symptoms may fit with ADHD, click here to review the symptom chart from the U.S. CDC.

How do I manage ADHD?

It is possible to manage ADHD. A variety of behavioral support, as well as medical interventions, when necessary, can be helpful. Treatments may include:

Continuous monitoring and follow-up appointments with your primary care provider
Behavioral interventions, including social skills training; setting realistic goals; establishing age-appropriate expectations; and supportive training for parents, teachers and the patients themselves
Support services, such as an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for school-aged children
Medications, as appropriate, including both stimulant and non-stimulant options
Specialist referrals, as needed

For children – The goal of ADHD treatment is to help children build confidence and improve their ability to learn, focus and complete tasks. Treatment can help them succeed at home, at school and in social situations.

For adults – ADHD treatment focuses on reducing symptoms that interfere with daily life. Managing ADHD appropriately can help improve organization, work performance, relationships and overall quality of life.

Ready to see a provider?

The board-certified providers at The Kinder Clinic are available to assess your needs and support your health. Click here to request an appointment, or call us at 337-738-2713.